Egypt (country)

History

Ancient Egypt (3000 BCE–332 BCE)

• Predynastic Period (Prehistory to 3100 BCE)
• Early Dynastic Period (3100 BCE–2600 BCE)
• Old Kingdom (2600 BCE–2150 BCE)
• First Intermediate Period (2150 BCE–2050 BCE)
• Middle Kingdom (2050 BCE–1600 BCE )
• Second Intermediate Period (1600 BCE–1500 BCE)
• New Kingdom (1500 BCE–1000 BCE)
• Libyan Period (1050 BCE–685 BCE)
• Late Period (685 BCE–332 BCE)
  • Saite Period (685 BCE–525 BCE)
  • Achaemenid Persian Era (525 BCE–402 BCE)
  • 28th-30th Dynasties (402 BCE–343 BCE)
  • Achaemenid Persian Reconquest (343 BCE–332 BCE)

Macedonian Era (332 BCE–309 BCE)

• Alexander III (332 BCE–323 BCE)
• Alexander IV (323-309 BCE)

Ptolemaic Era (305 BCE–30 BCE)

• Ptolemy I Soter (305 BCE–282 BCE)
• Ptolemy II Philadelphos (284 BCE–246 BCE)
• Ptolemy III Euergetes I (246 BCE–222 BCE)
• Ptolemy IV Philopator (222 BCE–204 BCE)
• Ptolemy V Epiphanes (204 BCE–180 BCE)
• Ptolemy VI Philometor (180 BCE–164 BCE, 163 BCE–145 BCE)
• Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator (never reigned)
• Ptolemy VIII (170 BCE–163 BCE, 145 BCE–116 BCE)
• Cleopatra II (132 BCE–124 BCE)
• Ptolemy IX Philometor Soter II (Lathyros) (116 BCE–107 BCE, 88 BCE–81 BCE)
• Ptolemy X Alexander I (107 BCE–88 BCE)
• Berenice III Philopator (81 BCE–80 BCE)
• Ptolemy XI Alexander II (80 BCE)
• Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos (Auletes) (80 BCE–58 BCE)
• Cleopatra V Tryphaena (58 BCE–57 BCE)
• Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos (Auletes) (55 BCE–51 BCE)
• Cleopatra VII Thea Neotera (51 BCE–30 BCE)
  • Arsinoe IV (48 BCE–47 BCE)
  • Ptolemy XIV (47 BCE–44 BCE)
  • Ptolemy XV Caesarion (44 BCE–30 BCE)

Roman Era (30 BCE–330 CE)

Byzantine Era (330 CE–618 CE)

Sassanid Persian Era (618–629)

Byzantine Reconquest (629-639)

Early Arab Era (639–1517)

• Caliphate Era (639–1175)
  • Rashidun Period (639–661)
  • Umayyad Period (661–750)
  • Abbasid Period (750–909)
  • Fatimid Period (909–1175)
• Ayyubid Period (1175–1250)
• Mamluk Sultanate (1250–1517)
  • Bahri Period (1250–1380)
  • Burji Period (1380–1517)

Ottoman Era (1517 to 1805)

• Early Turkish Period (1517–1630)
• Later Turkish Period (1630–1795)
• French Occupation (1795–1805)

Muhammad Ali and his successors (1805–1882)

• Muhammad Ali (1805–1848)
• Ibrahim (1848)
• Muhammad Ali (restored) (1848–1849)
• Abbas I (1849–1854)
• Said (1854–1863)
• Ismail (1863–1867)
• Khedives of Egypt (1867–1914)
• Ismail (1867–1879)
• Tawfiq (1879–1892)
• Abbas II (1892–1914)

Modern Egypt (1882–present)

• British Occupation (1882–1953)
• Nasser Era (1953–1971)
• Sadat Era (1971–1981)
• Mubarak Era (1981–present)