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The Achaemenid Empire was a Near-Eastern Iranic empire founded by Cyrus the Great. It lasted from 550 to 330 BC, it is known as the First Persian Empire but is a successor to the Median Empire. The Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley. The Achaemenid Empire may be most known for being an enemy towards the Greek city-states in the Greco-Persian Wars and for emancipating Jewish exiles in Babylon.

In the 7th century BC, the Persian people settled in the southwest of Iran in most notably, the region of Persis.[1] The founder of the Achaemenid Empire, Cyrus the Great defeated the Medes, Lydia and the Neo-Babylonian Empire. In 330 BC, the empire was conquered by Cyrus' admirer, Alexander the Great.[2][3] The Seleucid Empire and the Ptolemaic Kingdom would encompass much of what the Achaemenid Empire had until Iranian nobles reclaimed power in the 2nd century which would establish the Parthian Empire.[4]

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  1. http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/eieol/opeol-MG-X.html Macdonell and Keith, Vedic Index. This is based on the evidence of an Assyrian inscription of 844 BC referring to the Persians as Paršu, and the Behistun Inscription of Darius I referring to Pārsa as the area of the Persians. Radhakumud Mookerji (1988). Chandragupta Maurya and His Times (p. 23). Motilal Banarsidass Publ. ISBN 81-208-0405-8.
  2. Ulrich Wilcken (1967). Alexander the Great. W. W. Norton & Company, 146. ISBN 978-0-393-00381-9. 
  3. Taagepera, Rein (1979). "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D.". Social Science History 3 (3/4): 123. doi:10.2307/1170959. “A superimposition of the maps of Achaemenid and Alexander's empires shows a 90% match, except that Alexander's realm never reached the peak size of the Achaemenid realm.”
  4. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named book
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